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都市部の道路網と建物密度が洪水の深刻さを形成する(UC Irvine team says urban street networks, building density shape severity of floods)

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2024-08-19 カリフォルニア大学校アーバイン校(UCI)

カリフォルニア大学アーバイン校の研究によると、都市の形態、特に建物の密度や道路網が洪水の強度に影響を与えていることが明らかになりました。研究チームは統計力学を応用して、都市計画者が土地開発による洪水リスクを評価しやすくする新しい公式を開発しました。この公式は、世界中の都市の洪水ハザードを予測でき、都市の形態と洪水損失、降雨量の関係を明らかにします。この研究は、将来の都市計画と防災対策に貢献することが期待されています。

<関連情報>

都市形態が洪水に与える影響 How urban form impacts flooding

Sarah K. Balaian,Brett F. Sanders & Mohammad Javad Abdolhosseini Qomi

Nature Communications  Published:19 August 2024

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50347-4

都市部の道路網と建物密度が洪水の深刻さを形成する(UC Irvine team says urban street networks, building density shape severity of floods)

Abstract

Urbanization and climate change are contributing to severe flooding globally, damaging infrastructure, disrupting economies, and undermining human well-being. Approaches to make cities more resilient to floods are emerging, notably with the design of flood-resilient structures, but relatively little is known about the role of urban form and its complexity in the concentration of flooding. We leverage statistical mechanics to reduce the complexity of urban flooding and develop a mean-flow theory that relates flood hazards to urban form characterized by the ground slope, urban porosity, and the Mermin order parameter which measures symmetry in building arrangements. The mean-flow theory presents a dimensionless flood depth that scales linearly with the urban porosity and the order parameter, with different scaling for disordered square- and hexagon-like forms. A universal scaling is obtained by introducing an effective mean chord length representative of the unobstructed downslope travel distance for flood water, yielding an analytical model for neighborhood-scale flood hazards globally. The proposed mean-flow theory is applied to probe city-to-city variations in flood hazards, and shows promising results linking recorded flood losses to urban form and observed rainfall extremes.

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0904河川砂防及び海岸海洋
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