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護岸バッフルとAIがエメラルドシャイナーをエリー湖まで泳がせるのを助ける(Seawall baffles — and AI — help emerald shiners swim to Lake Erie)

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2024-06-14 バッファロー大学(UB)

護岸バッフルとAIがエメラルドシャイナーをエリー湖まで泳がせるのを助ける(Seawall baffles — and AI — help emerald shiners swim to Lake Erie)

バッファロー大学の研究者たちは、24フィートの水路でエメラルドシャイナーが流れに逆らって泳ぐ様子を観察しました。これらの小魚は流れに苦戦しながらも、最終的に群れを形成して上流へと進み始めました。この実験の映像は、個々の魚の動きや水の速度を追跡するAIツールに利用されます。このデータに基づき、ナイアガラ川の流速を減らしてエメラルドシャイナーが容易に上流に泳げるようにするためのバッフルが設置されました。研究は、魚の行動や流れの速度がどのように影響するかを解明し、魚道設計に役立てられています。

<関連情報>

ニューヨーク州ナイアガラ川上流におけるエメラルドシャイナー(Notropis atherinoides)のための非拘束魚道の設計、実施、評価 Unconfined fishway design, implementation, and assessment for the emerald Shiner (Notropis atherinoides) in the Upper Niagara River, New York

Jundong Qiao, Sean J. Bennett, Joseph F. Atkinson, Paul A. Cocca, Sarah K. Delavan, Andrew R. Hannes, Bryan A. Hinterberger, Timothy J. Pede, Alicia Pérez-Fuentetaja, Richard J. Ruby
Ecological Engineering  Available online: 6 December 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.107159

Highlights

  • An unconfined fishway was designed to facilitate the upstream passage of emerald shiners.
  • The fishway was designed and verified using numerical and physical models.
  • The constructed fishway along the Niagara River successfully met its preliminary design performance criteria.

Abstract

An engineered seawall in need of repair along the Upper Niagara River in Buffalo, NY, was previously identified as a hydrodynamic barrier to the migration of a small but important prey fish, the emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides), and its connection to the upstream environs of Lake Erie. This study proposed a novel unconfined fishway design to be incorporated into existing plans for rehabilitation of the seawall at Broderick Park. The proposed fishway was developed using a two-dimensional depth-averaged numerical model, it was explored by placing the target fish into a physical model, and the constructed demonstration project was assessed using field measurements and observations. The numerical model showed that modular baffles attached to the seawall reduced the nearshore flow velocities to about 0.4 to 0.6 m s−1, which was within the acceptable range of velocities for the upstream migration of the emerald shiners. The physical experiments demonstrated that most emerald shiners chose to swim toward, within, or close to the proposed fishway in the presence of higher flow velocities within the main channel region. The proposed fishway design was integrated into the seawall repair as part of a demonstration project supervised by the US Army Corps of Engineers-Buffalo District. Post-construction assessment of the installation showed that (1) the modular baffles reduced time-averaged flow velocities near the seawall and water surface, (2) while very few shiners were observed swimming along the pre-construction seawall, large numbers were observed swimming upstream within this reduced flow velocity corridor created by the baffles, and (3) the structural integrity of the installation proved to be durable and resilient to extremely harsh environmental conditions. This study explored a new approach to fishway design for the passage of relatively small fish in large rivers, and it effectively melded fishway requirements into seawall restoration in concert with the expectations of multiple stakeholders.

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0904河川砂防及び海岸海洋
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